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GERD

GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is a chronic condition characterized by the reflux of stomach acid and other stomach contents into the esophagus. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach, does not close properly or weakens. The repeated exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid can lead to various symptoms and complications.

Common symptoms of GERD include:

 

  1. Heartburn: This is the most common symptom of GERD. Heartburn is a burning sensation or discomfort that typically starts behind the breastbone and may radiate upward toward the neck or throat. It is often worsened by lying down or bending over and may be more prominent after meals.
  1. Regurgitation: Regurgitation refers to the backflow of stomach contents, including acid, into the throat or mouth. It can cause a sour or bitter taste in the mouth and may be accompanied by a sensation of fluid coming up into the throat.
  1. Chest pain: Some people with GERD may experience chest pain that can be similar to the symptoms of a heart attack. The chest pain associated with GERD is often burning in nature and may be mistaken for heart-related issues. It is important to seek medical attention to rule out any cardiac conditions.
  1. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): Chronic acid reflux can lead to the narrowing of the esophagus, making it difficult to swallow. This symptom may be particularly noticeable when eating solid foods or large pieces of food.
  1. Chronic cough: A persistent cough, often worse at night, can be a symptom of GERD. The cough is typically dry and doesn’t produce much phlegm. It occurs due to the irritation of the throat and airways by the stomach acid that refluxes into the esophagus.
  1. Hoarseness or sore throat: The recurrent exposure of the throat to stomach acid can lead to hoarseness, a raspy voice, or a persistent sore throat.
  1. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) can occur in GERD, resulting in a condition known as laryngitis. This can cause a hoarse voice, difficulty speaking, or the sensation of a lump in the throat.