PCOD

PCOD (Polycystic Ovary Disorder), also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, hormonal imbalances, and a range of symptoms that can vary from person to person.

1. Hormonal Imbalances: Women with PCOD/PCOS often have higher levels of androgens (male hormones) such as testosterone and lower levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This hormonal imbalance can interfere with normal ovulation and lead to irregular menstrual cycles.

2. Ovarian Cysts: The presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries is a characteristic feature of PCOD/PCOS. However, not all women with PCOD/PCOS have cysts, and the presence of cysts alone is not sufficient for diagnosis.

3. Irregular Menstrual Cycles: One of the common signs of PCOD/PCOS is irregular menstrual cycles. This can manifest as infrequent periods, prolonged periods, or unpredictable bleeding patterns.

4. Symptoms: PCOD/PCOS can cause a variety of symptoms, which may include:

– Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, back, or other areas (often associated with high androgen levels)
– Acne or oily skin
– Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
– Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
– Darkening of the skin in certain areas (acanthosis nigricans)
– Fatigue or lack of energy
– Mood swings or depression
– Sleep disturbances
– Fertility issues or difficulty getting pregnant

5. Metabolic Disorders: Women with PCOD/PCOS are at an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular problems.